Cross-culture essay (Cross-National Work Experience Interview)

Cross-culture (Cross-National Work Experience Interview) - Essay Example rst, according to Melissa Honda, the major glaring difference between the Japanese and the USA workplace culture is the cooperation aspect of the workplace. This cultural difference is referred to as the collectivism vs. individualism difference (Yūki and Brewer, 136). In the USA, there is the tendency of most workers within a working environment doing their tasks on their own, and only engaging others when there is a need. Thus, to the extent that an individual in the USA workplace environment is able to accomplish all the required tasks by him/herself, then there is little engagement with the rest. However, the case is very different in Japan, more especially in the project management related industries, where the workplace mostly constitutes working groups as opposed to individuals. Individuals in Japan collaborate in every aspect of accomplishing their tasks, such that by the end of the project, the work is a product of various contributions, as opposed to being the product of individual specialty. In the high individualistic cultures, self-determination is highly valued (Gudykunst, 241). Thus, the USA work environment comprises of an environment where self-determination plays the biggest role in the accomplishment of tasks, such that there is a high level of segmentation and division of labor within organizations, based on the individual worker’s specialty. On the other hand, Japan presents a collaborated work environment where the tasks are more attributed to group work and group collaboration, such that the individual workers will work well in groups as opposed to working as individuals (Yūki and Brewer, 147). Thus, Melissa initially faced the challenge of accomplishing the designated tasks single-handedly when she joined her organization in the USA in 2012, and had to take a few months to get used to this different culture of working. Nevertheless, having worked for the organization for three years now, Melissa is now capable of working both as an

The origins of international terrorism targeting the United States Essay

The origins of international terrorism targeting the United States - Essay Example It is â€Å"political and symbolic†, â€Å"a clandestine resistance to authority.†1 ITERATE’s definition of international terrorism is the following: â€Å"the use or threat of use of anxiety-inducing violence for political purposes, by any individual or group with the intent to influence the attitudes and behavior of a wider target group.†2 Again in this definition we see key words ‘threat,’ ‘anxiety,’ ‘political,’ ‘target group’ which were highlighted above. Defining terrorism is important to follow its origins. Though the phenomenon of terrorism is â€Å"highly diverse† and â€Å"deeply contested concept,†3 which embraces a number of different actions on behalf of certain grouping or states, in this paper we focus on the issue of why United States has been serving a target of international terrorist actions. The research into the psychology of terrorism is also important for understanding the sources of terrorism directed against the U.S. Since the outburst of terrorist actions, most researches were interested with psychology of terrorism. Some interpreted it as â€Å"a form of madness with perhaps an underlying physical disorder.† Some researches related terrorism with â€Å"nervous over-excitement of the period† resulting in â€Å"exaggerated individualism and the spread of decadent literature.† There were attempts to explain terrorism with fluctuations of barometric pressure, moon phases, alcoholism and droughts. 4 Terrorism was explained by personality disorders in particular narcissism or paranoia. Terrorists were viewed as abnormal, different psychologically from general public. This viewpoint was supported by a number of authors. Post (1990) and Pearlstein (1991), who believed that "the individual who becomes and remains a political terrorist generally appears to be psychologically molded by certain narcissistic personality disturbances" (p. ix).5 However, most terrorism researchers do not account